docker入门即可上手,并对容器和镜像有大致理解

docker的入手

首先配置docker配置环境:vim /etc/docker/daemon.json,这是默认配置,如果您对其只有获取镜像的需求,请使用二。

一:
{
    "authorization-plugins": [],
    "data-root": "",
     #Docker运行时使用的根路径,根路径下的内容稍后介绍,默认/var/lib/docker
    "dns": [],
     #设定容器DNS的地址,在容器的 /etc/resolv.conf文件中可查看
    "dns-opts": [],
     #容器 /etc/resolv.conf 文件,其他设置
    "dns-search": [],
     #设定容器的搜索域,当设定搜索域为 .example.com 时,在搜索一个名为 host 的 主机时,DNS不仅搜索host,还会搜索host.example.com。注意:如果不设置,Docker 会默认用主机上的 /etc/resolv.conf来配置容器。
    "exec-opts": [],
    "exec-root": "",
    "experimental": false,
    "featrues": {},
    "storage-driver": "",
    "storage-opts": [],
    "labels": [],
     #docker主机的标签,很实用的功能,例如定义:–label nodeName=host-121
    "live-restore": true,
    "log-driver": "",
    "log-opts": {},
    "mtu": 0,
    "pidfile": "",
     #Docker守护进程的PID文件
    "cluster-store": "",
    "cluster-store-opts": {},
    "cluster-advertise": "",
    "max-concurrent-downloads": 3,
    "max-concurrent-uploads": 5,
    "default-shm-size": "64M",
    "shutdown-timeout": 15,
    "debug": true,
     #启用debug的模式,启用后,可以看到很多的启动信息。默认false
    "hosts": [],
    #设置容器hosts
    "log-level": "",
    "tls": true,
     #默认 false, 启动TLS认证开关
    "tlscacert": "",
     #默认 ~/.docker/ca.pem,通过CA认证过的的certificate文件路径
    "tlscert": "",
     #默认 ~/.docker/cert.pem ,TLS的certificate文件路径
    "tlskey": "",
     #默认~/.docker/key.pem,TLS的key文件路径
    "tlsverify": true,
     #默认false,使用TLS并做后台进程与客户端通讯的验证
    "tls": true,
    "tlsverify": true,
    "tlscacert": "",
    "tlscert": "",
    "tlskey": "",
    "swarm-default-advertise-addr": "",
    "api-cors-header": "",
    "selinux-enabled": false,
     #默认 false,启用selinux支持
    "userns-remap": "",
    "group": "",
     #Unix套接字的属组,仅指/var/run/docker.sock
    "cgroup-parent": "",
    "default-ulimits": {
        "nofile": {
            "Name": "nofile",
            "Hard": 64000,
            "Soft": 64000
        }
    },
    "init": false,
    "init-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-init",
    "ipv6": false,
    "iptables": false,
    "ip-forward": false,
    #默认true, 启用 net.ipv4.ip_forward ,进入容器后使用sysctl -a|grepnet.ipv4.ip_forward查看
    "ip-masq": false,
    "userland-proxy": false,
    "userland-proxy-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-proxy",
    "ip": "0.0.0.0",
    "bridge": "",
    "bip": "",
    "fixed-cidr": "",
    "fixed-cidr-v6": "",
    "default-gateway": "",
    "default-gateway-v6": "",
    "icc": false,
    "raw-logs": false,
    "allow-nondistributable-artifacts": [],
    "registry-mirrors": [],
     #镜像加速的地址,增加后在 docker info中可查看。
    "seccomp-profile": "",
    "insecure-registries": [],
     #配置docker的私库地址
    "no-new-privileges": false,
    "default-runtime": "runc",
    "oom-score-adjust": -500,
    "node-generic-resources": ["NVIDIA-GPU=UUID1", "NVIDIA-GPU=UUID2"],
    "runtimes": {
        "cc-runtime": {
            "path": "/usr/bin/cc-runtime"
        },
        "custom": {
            "path": "/usr/local/bin/my-runc-replacement",
            "runtimeArgs": [
                "--debug"
            ]
        }
    },
    "default-address-pools":[{"base":"172.80.0.0/16","size":24},
    {"base":"172.90.0.0/16","size":24}]
}
二:
 {
       "registry-mirrors": [
              "<https://registry.docker-cn.com>"
                 ],

       "insecure-registries": [
             "<https://ower.site.com>"
             ]
   }

搜索所需镜像docker search [image],导入所需镜像:docker pull [[image]:[tag]]

tag表示docker的镜像版本,在这里这种机制被称为标签。

docker images -a:列出所有镜像(含中间镜像层,若不加参数a则默认忽略中间镜像层)

docker run -it IMAGE /bin/bash
//默认以i(交互式),t(终端),image(镜像名称)进入,/bin/bash(以bash作为shell命令传递)

退出终端直接输入exit即可
若想运行后不进入后台,附加参数d即可,例如-itd

docker ps -a:列出所有容器

此时即可看到运行的容器和已停止的容器

停止一个容器:docker stop [容器ID]

开启一个已停止的容器:docker restart [容器ID]